INTRODUCTION

Dr. Sarfraz Ahmad is a seasoned Indian politician from Jharkhand and a member of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM). With a distinguished political career spanning over four decades, he has held various significant positions. Dr. Ahmad was first elected as an MLA in 1980 from Gandey constituency in undivided Bihar. He served as a Member of Parliament from Giridih in the 8th Lok Sabha (1984-1989) and was appointed as State Minister, Department of Education, Government of Bihar (1983-1984). He has been a member of the Bihar Legislative Council (1996-2002) and the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly (2009-2014, 2019-2024). He was elected to the Rajya Sabha in May 2024 and currently serves as a member of various parliamentary committees. Dr. Ahmad holds a Ph.D. and has expertise in political science, foreign affairs, and law, having been educated at Aligarh Muslim University and Ranchi University.